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Empathy with community, and shared ideology are key to NGO effectiveness in the field.

A bifurcated view of how local NGOs perceive OE emerged. In general, conservatively managed NGOs had more stable operations, were more business-like in their operations, thus better equipped to respond to donor demands.  NGOs that tended to be vocal in their opposition to standard power structures were active in community organizing and political discourse and exhibited a more radical orientation in their management operations. Radical organizational theory may help to explain why some NGOs eschewed conventional functional management frameworks altogether!